Posts Tagged ‘Operating’

Linux Operating System Errors and Resolution

HTML clipboard

Linux is the most popular operating system so far as security and performance is concerned .It is a Unix-like operating system and is the best example of open source development and free software; generally all underlying Linux source code can be modified, redistributed and used freely by anyone. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 is the latest version of Linux operating system.

As we all know every operating system has its demerits or failures and can give errors at any time with out any prior information. There are some common error messages faced by Linux users while using this operating system. Some of the most common ones are the following:

• Unknown terminal type Linux.

• Unrecognized option ‘-m486′.

• bdflush not running

• cannot read table of mounted file systems

• Unknown terminal type Linux.

• Cannot initialize drive XYZ?

• EPERM Operation not permitted.

• Unrecognized option ‘-m486′.

• Modprobe can’t locate module, “XXX,” and similar messages.

• Mounting unchecked file system.

• EINTR Interrupted system call.

In most the situations given above a user faces any of the mentioned problems, it becomes difficult for him/her to access or manage his data. He/she won’t be able to do normal tasks which can otherwise be performed effortlessly. If the data which has been rendered inaccessible is important then it becomes essential to recover that data as soon as possible. In this case, he/she would need the help of Linux data recovery software.

Linux Data Recovery Software is an ultimate way out for all Linux related data recovery problems. It also recovers data from formatted hard drives also where file systems have been changed. It recovers lost logical drives and data from physical disk or any removable media.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Recovery software provides data recovery from Ext2, Ext2 and Reiser FS file systems of Linux operating system.

Allen a student of Mass Communication doing research on data recovery software. He is also a freelancer for http://www.stellarinfo.com

“Couldn’t mount…” Error Message while mounting Linux Operating System

HTML clipboard

Superblock is the most significant component of a Linux volume that restrains critical information about files and folders in file systems as ext2, ext3 and more. It enables us to mount and access the file systems. Superblock corruption primarily occurs due to metadata structure damage, file system corruption, unexpected system shutdown, malicious software like virus and more.

In most cases of superblock corruption, the volume becomes unmountable and the data becomes inaccessible. In such situations, you can restore the lost data using an updated backup. However, if you have not maintained any backup or it is not up-to-date, then you need to recover your data by using advanced Linux Data Recovery tools.

Consider a practical scenario, when you attempt to boot your Linux system, you encounter the below error message:

â??Wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/hda8, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. In some cases useful info is found in syslog – try dmesg | tail or soâ?

After running dmesg tail, you encounter the below error message:

â??Couldn’t mount because of unsupported optional features (2000200)â?

After the above error message appears, the system becomes unmountable and data stored on the hard drive volume becomes inaccessible. Additionally, you encounter the same error message each time you attempt to boot your system.

Cause:

The main reason behind occurrence of the above error message is superblock corruption.

Resolution:

To resolve the problem and access all inaccessible data, you need to follow these steps:

1. Boot your system by using an alternate block by running the below command:

e2fsck -b 98304 /dev/hdb8

2. Once the file system gets restored to the point at which it can be mounted, you need to fix it by using this command:

e2fsck -c /dev/hda8

-c parameter checks for the bad blocks

However, if the above steps are not able to resolve the issue, you should consider reinstalling Linux. A clean Linux reinstall will erase all existing data from the selected volume. For complete recovery of lost data, you should use efficient Linux Data Recovery software.

Such Linux Recovery tools incorporate effective scanning algorithms to recover all your lost data. These recovery tools provide highly graphical user interface that makes them easily understandable without prior technical knowledge. These tools recover data post situations like superblock corruption, group descriptor faults, inode table damage and more.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the foremost Linux Recovery tool. It supports recovery from Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file system based Linux volumes. This Data Recovery Linux tool gets installed on Windows (Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux drive is connected as slave.

Allen a student of Mass Communication doing research on data recovery linux software. He is also a freelancer for http://www.stellarinfo.com

SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10 Basic Training Bundle – Quick Start Reference Card & Workbook – Contains the SLED 10 Tri-Fold Quick Reference Card & The SLED 10 Workbook. Learn Shortcuts, Cheats, Tips & Tricks Guide – Perfect Solution for Corporate / Enterprise End User Training. Users Learn The Novell SUSE Linux Desktop Computer Operating System Quickly & Easily.


Product Description
Everything you need to learn SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10. Perfect for Company / Corporate training solutions…. More >>
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10 Basic Training Bundle – Quick Start Reference Card & Workbook – Contains the SLED 10 Tri-Fold Quick Reference Card & The SLED 10 Workbook. Learn Shortcuts, Cheats, Tips & Tricks Guide – Perfect Solution for Corporate / Enterprise End User Training. Users Learn The Novell SUSE Linux Desktop Computer Operating System Quickly & Easily.

Resolving “Must load Linux kernel before initrd” Error Message in Linux Operating System

Boot loaders such as GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader), LILO (Linux Loader) etc. enable you to select to boot a particular operating system in multiboot or dual boot systems. After selecting the operating system (for example Linux), the booting process initially starts with the booting of Linux Kernel program. A Linux Kernel program is the central component of a computer operating system. It requires the corresponding drivers to access the device on which the file system is based. To avoid any conflict due to all imaginable drivers in the kernel, it uses initial ramdisk (intrd). The intrd is the temporary file system, which is mostly used for preparations before the real root file system can be mounted. Problems might occur when intrd gets loaded before Linux Kernel program. In such situations, the hard drive volume becomes un-mountable and the data saved in the hard drive becomes inaccessible. In such situations, you need to recover your data from the latest backup. In case, no backup is available or the backup is corrupted, you need to use efficient Linux Data Recovery applications to recover your lost data files.

Consider a practical example, when you attempt to boot Linux operating system, you encounter the below error message:

“Must load Linux kernel before initrd”

The above error message occurs each time you try to boot the Linux operating system on your computer. After the above error message appears, the data saved in the Linux volume becomes inaccessible.

Cause:

The above error message mainly occurs when the intrd gets loaded before the Linux Kernel program.

Resolution:

To resolve the above error and access the data, you need to remove the intrd from your computer. However, if you still encounter an error, then only option left is to access the volume by reinstalling the Linux operating system. A clean reinstall of the operating system will erase all previously stored data in the hard drive. In such scenarios, you need to recover lost data by using effective Linux Data Recovery software. These advanced recovery applications incorporate high-end scanning methods to recover lost data from a logically corrupted hard drive.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery serves the purpose of providing reliable and easy Linux Data Recovery. This read only Linux Recovery software supports Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems. It gets installed on Windows (Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux drive should be connected as slave.

Robin Watson a student of Mass Communication doing research on linux data recovery software. He is also a freelancer for Windows data recovery software .

They Tell Me Only To Use Microsoft Windows Not The Free Linux Operating System

Most people purchase computers to run programs – whether it is to send email, browse the web, meet friends of girlfriends on msn messenger, do office work or just play solitaire.

People buy computers to use programs for their functionality not to run operating systems be in Microsoft Windows, the new Microsoft Vista product , the Mac Operations Systems or the various Linux Operating Systems – be they Ubuntu Linux , Mandiva , Knoppix or Debian.

At the heart of most computer users is functionality and usability. It is as simple as that. It is an interesting situation that the Microsoft Corporation controls the vast lion’s share of the computer operating system market. Indeed it even has a major share holding of the next player in line – Apple with the Macintosh OS (Operating System).

What are the issues?

1) Linux is not really free. Linux, in its various flavors or distros, is given free of charge, whether it is on a cd, DVD or downloaded. You can install the program on your own compute or various computers , at no charge to yourself whatsoever

This is in direct contrast to a commercial product such as Microsoft Windows or the new Microsoft Vista which you to purchase a boxed version or a valid license which comes with most computer systems purchased. This license which comes on most new computers as a matter of course could be referred to as the “Microsoft Computer Tax” and is not an option you can forego, to reduce the purchase of your new compute – whether or not you wish to use another operating system such as Linux.

Linux is given free of charge to install. This is not a shareware or time limited version of the product which requires a registration fee after a period of time.

If you require product support or training commercial organizations do exist which will charge you for support of that product or for training or both. Indeed it can be said that Microsoft itself charges for product support, Symantec the antivirus / security organization charges for basic support by product, subscription fees – sometimes automatic subscription fees and 900 phone number and charge card “Priority Support”.

Indeed you would not expect your local school or technical college to provide computer and compute software training free of charge.

2) Linux is complex and will force you to learn the Linux command line,

Not true simple as that. The various Linux distros all have GUI (Graphic User Interfaces) just like Microsoft Windows, Windows used to come as command line DOS. Windows users use pull down windows to operate the software. So can and do most Linux users

3) Compared to Windows , Installing Linux is Difficult

- The vast majority of computer users are computer neophytes and beginners.

These computer users purchase computers with the operations system Microsoft Windows or the Macintosh Operating System installed on their new computers. These people could not install the Windows Operating system and the device drivers necessary if their life depended on it. How the situation of a Linux is based computer any different.

It is only a matter of time until new computers come preinstalled with the Linux operating system. Imagine if Henry Ford had been told not to build new cars since there were few good roads available in America.

4) My Computer Hardware Just Works Under Windows

5) Again untrue in many cases and soon to be less of an issue as more and more computers will come preinstalled with a Linux operating system. Already Dell Computer (which was a Microsoft stalwart) is selling Linux based laptops. Interestingly the response to the Ubuntu Linux dell notebooks is quite positive, If you think Linux hardware compatibility is an issue try upgrading to the new Microsoft Vista from your previous Microsoft Windows product. You will find to your surprise that few if little of computer hardware are supported. You may have upgraded to the new Vista and found you have either no sound, good video or even internet connections via your network adapter device or wireless network adapter. And try undoing your upgrade to get back to your working windows version – it cannot be done.

Lastly you may say I run Windows since all of the programs I use are available only on the Windows operations system – since that is the dominant player in the market. You may well surmise that since Windows is the more than dominant player in the computer OS market that software developers write their product almost exclusively for the windows operations system and that market.

This is true. If you are using a specialized product for your job, industry, situation or preference you may well be locked in.

In the end most people buy and use computers for functionality and use. Most people use their computers for internet browsing , communication – whether it by email or messenger services (M.S.N. , Yahoo , Skype , Eyeball Chat) , downloading and burning music and in more than many cases for playing nothing more than computer games such as simple solitaire.

In these cases the functionality of Linux and its program base easily allows for this. Indeed many of the cutting edge programs and computer services come out of left field by computer software developers and enthusiasts whose preference of Computer Operating System is guess what – Linux in its various forms.